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Floating Cantilever Stair with Glass Balustrade The Challenge of Making a Staircase That Inspires and Performs Consider this: a client sees a sleek, floating staircase in a magazine with minimal treads, no visible support, and flooded with natural light. Inspired, they request something similar for a new office reception or high-end residential project. The concept is striking, but beneath the surface lies a critical challenge. How do you preserve that aesthetic ambition while ensuring the structure is safe, stable and code compliant? This is where structural engineering becomes essential. Feature staircases are not only a visual statement, they are structural elements that must perform reliably under load, across materials and geometry, in settings where performance cannot be compromised. What Is a Feature Staircase? A feature staircase is designed to stand out as a focal point within a space. It may be the first thing someone sees when entering a building – whether a commercial atrium, a boutique hotel lobby, or a luxury home. These stairs go beyond utility. They contribute to architectural identity. Common feature staircase styles include: Cantilevered or ‘floating’ stairs with open risers Spine beam or mono-stringer stairs Spiral or helical stairs Monumental, multi-flight centrepiece stairs Steel is typically the backbone of modern feature stairs, valued for its strength-to-size ratio and versatility. However, feature stairs often combine materials, such as steel for structure, timber for warmth, glass for transparency, and concrete for weight and impact. The image below is an excellent demonstration of this, which showcases the architectural vision of the Kings Cross R8 Project , underpinned by our structural design. Kings Cross R8 - Feature Stair Design Structural Engineering Considerations The success of any feature stair hinges on early structural input. These staircases introduce complex loading, support and performance considerations: Load paths:  Feature stairs often impose concentrated or asymmetric loads. A cantilevered stair must transfer large bending forces into the floor or wall. Spiral and helical stairs introduce torsion and uplift. Deflection and vibration:  Users expect feature stairs to feel solid underfoot. Lightweight or long-span staircases can be prone to flex or bounce. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and dynamic modelling help optimise design to control movement. Support interfaces:  Fixing into slabs, walls or beams may require local strengthening. In refurbishment projects, this can impact ceiling voids or finishes. Engineers assess structural capacity and coordinate required modifications early. Coordination with building layout:  Feature stairs often require large voids and clean interfaces. The structure must be aligned with architectural vision from concept stage. In house nonlinear deflection analysis of cantilever steel stair Material Behaviour and Design Detail Steel is the material of choice for feature staircases, thanks to its ability to deliver slender elements with significant strength. It is well suited to long cantilevers, tight spirals and sculptural stringers. Plate steel can be folded, welded or laser-cut to create monolithic forms or delicate supports. Timber, concrete and glass are commonly used in combination: Timber  treads or cladding add warmth, but usually require hidden steel support Glass  balustrades enhance openness but must meet loading criteria for crowd or public use Concrete  works well in curved or monumental forms, but introduces dead load and construction challenges Invisible support is often a hallmark of good structural design. Hidden brackets, stiffeners, or steel frames embedded in walls can deliver minimalist appearances while providing the necessary strength. UK Regulations and Safety Compliance Despite their sculptural appeal, feature stairs must fully comply with UK Building Regulations. Key standards include: Approved Document K:  sets rules for rise, going, pitch, handrails and guarding. It ensures stairs are safe and accessible. Approved Document M:  applicable to public buildings, requires stairs to be inclusive and usable by all. BS 5395-2:  specific to spiral and helical stairs, governing geometry and loading. A common issue is the 100 mm rule – open risers must be designed so that a 100 mm sphere cannot pass through. This protects children from falling or becoming trapped. Homeowners and designers often overlook this constraint when selecting minimalist staircases. Feature stairs in commercial or multi-storey environments may not form part of protected fire escape routes. This affects their location, enclosure and material choices. Structural and fire engineers must work together to ensure the open stair does not compromise building safety. Common Client Misunderstandings and Pain Points Clients are often surprised by the complexity of bringing a feature staircase to life: “Can’t it just float?”  Aesthetically, yes. Structurally, only if supported correctly. Cantilevered stairs require stiffened walls, strong floors or hidden frames. In existing buildings, this may involve significant intervention. “Why does it cost more?”  Feature stairs are bespoke, engineered structures. They are often prefabricated, tested and installed with precision. Materials, hidden supports, and compliance checks add cost. “Why doesn’t it meet code?”  Open risers, lack of handrails, or steep pitches might look clean but often fall short of Approved Document K. These issues can be resolved with clever detailing if addressed early. Clear communication and early involvement of the structural engineer help manage expectations, reduce redesigns and achieve a high-quality outcome. Shepherd Gilmour’s Role At Shepherd Gilmour, we specialise in the structural design of bespoke staircases. We understand the architectural ambition and match it with technical excellence. Our portfolio includes complex staircase designs at King’s Cross R8, where we engineered three unique stairs: a cantilevering steel stair with glass balustrade, a long-span steel stair clad in timber, and a full-depth steel plate stair as a dramatic centrepiece. We routinely use FEA to assess vibration, deflection and fixity. Our designs consider installation sequence, construction tolerances and material integration. By collaborating closely with architects and fabricators, we ensure the final stair meets performance and aesthetic requirements. Conclusion: Delivering Design Without Compromise Feature staircases represent the meeting point of architecture and engineering. Their success depends on achieving visual lightness with structural rigour, all while complying with safety standards. With early engagement and thoughtful design, structural engineers help deliver the dramatic staircase that inspires confidence – one that looks as effortless as it is robust. Whether it is a floating stair for a boutique workspace or a helical stair for a luxury home, the key to success lies in collaboration and expertise. Contact Shepherd Gilmour today to discuss your feature staircase project, we'd love to hear from you!

Modern sustainable building project using modular construction methods The construction industry is under growing pressure to adapt. Energy costs are rising, environmental legislation is tightening, and both clients and investors increasingly expect sustainability to be at the heart of every project. Yet for many developers, architects, and homeowners, the concept of “sustainable construction” remains confusing - blurred by conflicting advice, inflated claims, and widespread greenwashing. At Shepherd Gilmour, we believe sustainability is not a marketing exercise, but a technical discipline grounded in evidence and engineering integrity. The transition to a carbon-neutral future is not simple, nor is it cheap in the short term, but it is essential. By embracing innovation and honest design, we can deliver buildings that perform better, cost less to operate, and stand as genuine examples of progress. Why Sustainable Construction Design Matters Buildings account for a large share of the UK’s carbon emissions, both in their operation and in the materials used to construct them. From the energy consumed by heating and cooling systems to the carbon embedded in steel and concrete, the environmental impact of our built environment is immense. Sustainable construction seeks to reduce this footprint through smarter design, improved efficiency, and better materials. For developers and homeowners alike, the advantages extend beyond environmental responsibility: Lower lifetime costs  – Energy-efficient buildings consume less power and water. Future compliance  – The Future Homes and Future Buildings Standards will soon require low-carbon designs as standard. Enhanced asset value  – Sustainable properties command higher rents and sale prices, as occupiers prioritise ESG credentials. Healthier environments  – Natural light, ventilation, and non-toxic materials create better living and working conditions. Modern energy efficient home design inspiration Modern Methods of Construction: Building Smarter One of the most significant innovations driving sustainable design is the adoption of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) . These include modular building, prefabrication, and off-site manufacturing—approaches that improve efficiency, reduce waste, and raise quality. By moving much of the build process into a controlled factory environment, MMC minimises on-site disruption, cuts transport emissions, and ensures consistent performance. At GSK Ware , for example, our engineers helped deliver a 6,500 m² facility using modular construction, significantly reducing site time and waste while maintaining stringent pharmaceutical standards. Similarly, at Sellafield , modular recycled units have been used to provide project offices with less than 10% of the carbon footprint of a conventional build. These examples prove that sustainability and productivity can align when modern methods are applied intelligently. Off-site modular construction process reducing carbon emissions Material Innovations and Design Efficiency Sustainable construction extends well beyond how we build. It also depends on what  we build with and how efficiently  we design. Key advances include: Low-carbon materials  such as cements with recycled content, mass timber, and high-recycled steel. Self-healing concretes  and smart materials that extend structural life and reduce maintenance. Passive design principles , optimising sunlight, ventilation, and insulation to reduce energy demand. Design for longevity , allowing buildings to adapt and materials to be reused at end-of-life. For domestic clients, this may mean investing in better insulation or sustainable timber framing. For commercial developments, it might involve low-carbon concrete, high-performance façades, or solar integration. At Shepherd Gilmour, we evaluate the carbon and performance implications of every material choice, ensuring improvements are both measurable and practical. Green roof providing insulation and habitat in sustainable construction Regulations, Standards, and the Path Ahead The UK’s regulatory framework is evolving rapidly. Part L of the Building Regulations has already tightened carbon targets for new homes and non-domestic buildings, and from 2025, the Future Homes Standard  will demand further reductions in emissions. A proposed Part Z  will introduce whole-life carbon assessments to address embodied carbon directly. Voluntary standards such as BREEAM , Passivhaus , and WELL  certifications also continue to raise the benchmark. For commercial developers, understanding these frameworks is vital not just for compliance, but for long-term marketability. Our role as structural engineers is to help clients navigate this complexity. We design structures that are efficient today and resilient to tomorrow’s standards—avoiding costly retrofits and aligning with national carbon goals. Shepherd Gilmour engineer assessing carbon impact under UK sustainability standards Avoiding Greenwashing: Real Progress Over Perception In recent years, sustainability has become a marketing buzzword, often used without evidence. Many projects claim to be “eco-friendly” based on superficial gestures rather than measurable outcomes. Consider the fashionable idea of planting trees on the roof of a tall urban building. It looks green and photographs beautifully, yet the physics tell a different story. Soil, irrigation systems, vegetation and trees add substantial permanent loads and increase wind actions. To carry these, the frame usually needs larger members and more concrete and steel. The outcome is often a heavier structure with higher embodied carbon than a simpler design that achieves real environmental gains elsewhere. A vertical forest concept that appears sustainable but often results in higher embodied carbon due to the heavy structural requirements needed to support soil, trees, and increased wind loads At Shepherd Gilmour, we take a different approach. We train our engineers to critically assess design intent, to ask whether a proposal genuinely reduces carbon, cost, or waste. We quantify results using carbon assessment tools, and we present findings transparently. If a measure offers little real benefit, we say so. We recognise that sustainable design can increase initial costs, but we also demonstrate how these costs are recovered through operational savings and asset longevity. Real progress requires honesty, data, and engineering rigour—not slogans. Shepherd Gilmour engineers critically reviewing the sustainability of a design Comparing Domestic and Commercial Priorities Aspect Domestic Projects Commercial Projects Key Motivation Energy savings, comfort, and cost control ESG compliance, asset value, corporate image Common Barriers Upfront cost perception, limited knowledge Complex regulations, coordination between stakeholders Typical Solutions Heat pumps, high insulation, solar PV MMC, low-carbon materials, advanced façade design Common Misunderstanding “Sustainability means higher cost” “Certification equals sustainability” Shepherd Gilmour’s Approach Practical advice for homeowners Integrated, performance-led design strategy Both sectors benefit from the same principles—data-driven decision-making, efficiency, and quality materials—but each demands a tailored approach. We ensure that sustainability works in context, not as a one-size-fits-all checklist. Shepherd Gilmour’s Commitment to Genuine Sustainability As an independent civil and structural design consultancy, Shepherd Gilmour integrates sustainability into every service we provide. Our philosophy is built on: Innovation  – applying modern methods and new materials wherever they add value. Integrity  – avoiding exaggerated claims and backing every improvement with data. Critical Thinking  – encouraging our engineers to challenge assumptions and improve design intent. Collaboration  – working with architects, clients, and contractors to achieve the best balance between performance, cost, and sustainability. Whether we are assessing recycled modular solutions for industrial sites or optimising a domestic extension, our goal is consistent: to deliver sustainable design that works in the real world. A Call to Build Better The future of construction lies in intelligent, honest sustainability. Genuine progress will not come from ticking boxes or chasing labels, but from combining innovation with engineering discipline. If you are planning a project and want to understand how sustainable design can add value without compromising practicality, Contact Shepherd Gilmour . Our engineers can help you identify opportunities for improvement, reduce embodied carbon, and ensure compliance with emerging standards. Together, we can build not just for today’s needs, but for the generations to come. Leisure complex utilising modern methods of construction to achieve low-carbon impact & striking visual appearance

Airport disruption due to Increasingly prevalent cyber attacks Living in an Age of Growing Cyber Threats In September 2025, passengers at London’s Heathrow Airport faced significant delays when a cyberattack disrupted airline check-in systems. In the same month, Dublin Airport also suffered a separate cyber attack. Just weeks prior, Jaguar Land Rover had to halt production at its Solihull plant due to a similar digital assault. These incidents made headlines because of their scale, but they serve as a reminder that no organisation is immune from cybercrime. It is easy for smaller businesses, or those outside of technology sectors, to assume that hackers only target large corporations. In reality, criminals often exploit vulnerabilities in small and medium-sized firms because their defences are easier to breach. In professional services, the prize for cybercriminals is access to sensitive client data, financial records, and intellectual property. At Shepherd Gilmour, we recognise that protecting our clients extends beyond safe structural design. It also means safeguarding the digital information you trust us with. That is why we are proud to have achieved Cyber Essentials Plus certification , building on our earlier Cyber Essentials accreditation and strengthening our overall security posture. What is Cyber Essentials? Cyber Essentials is a UK government-backed scheme designed to help organisations protect themselves against common cyber threats. It is built around five technical controls: Firewalls and gateways to block malicious traffic. Secure configuration to ensure systems are set up safely. Access controls so that staff only see what they need to. Malware protection to defend against viruses and ransomware. Patch management to keep software and devices up to date. Certification at this level is obtained through self-assessment, supported by an external scan. It proves that an organisation has the fundamentals in place to reduce its risk of attack. In fact, research shows that businesses with Cyber Essentials in place are up to 80 per cent less likely to suffer common breaches. Cyber Security Essential Components What is Cyber Essentials Plus? Cyber Essentials Plus goes a step further. Instead of relying on self-assessment, an independent assessor carries out a detailed technical audit. This involves hands-on testing of systems, attempts to simulate cyberattacks, and checks that policies and practices are effective in reality, not just on paper. For example, auditors test whether antivirus tools can detect live malware, verify that patches are applied quickly to high-risk vulnerabilities, and confirm that devices are properly secured. Only around one per cent of UK businesses currently hold Cyber Essentials Plus, making it a significant achievement. Clearing Up Misunderstandings Many clients still believe that cyber security is only a concern for financial institutions or major corporations. In truth, attackers frequently target smaller businesses as stepping stones to reach larger supply chains. There is also confusion over whether Cyber Essentials is sufficient. While the basic certification is an excellent starting point, Cyber Essentials Plus provides a deeper level of assurance by proving that defences hold up under scrutiny. In the current climate, clients increasingly expect this higher standard from their professional partners. Finally, some assume that all attacks are highly sophisticated. In reality, most breaches exploit simple issues such as weak passwords or out-of-date software. Cyber Essentials Plus directly addresses these vulnerabilities. Why Shepherd Gilmour Took This Step As a civil and structural engineering consultancy, Shepherd Gilmour handles sensitive project information every day. From architectural models to client correspondence, our work involves data that must remain confidential. By achieving Cyber Essentials Plus, we have demonstrated to clients that: Their data is protected to the highest UK standard for SMEs. We meet government-backed security benchmarks. We reduce supply chain risk for both domestic homeowners and commercial organisations. We operate with resilience, ensuring projects will not be derailed by cyber incidents. The certification process was rigorous. Our systems, policies, and staff practices were tested thoroughly. Achieving the Plus standard has embedded stronger cyber awareness across the company. This aligns with our other quality and compliance commitments, such as ISO 9001 and Constructionline Gold, reinforcing our reputation as a trusted partner. By using tools such as two step authentication & 256-bit AES encryption as standard, as well as centrally managed virus and malware protection in the form of Microsoft Defender, we are able to maximise our cyber security while staying technologically relevant and innovative. Building Ongoing Resilience Certification is not a one-time event. Cyber Essentials Plus must be renewed annually, and requirements evolve as threats change. Recent updates to the scheme introduced stricter rules for patching and network security. Shepherd Gilmour has already met these standards, ensuring we remain ahead of emerging risks. Our staff now receive regular training to spot phishing attempts, manage data securely, and maintain safe digital practices. By combining technical controls with a culture of security, we have raised the bar for ourselves and, by extension, for the benefit of our clients. A Safer Future for Our Clients For domestic clients, this means peace of mind that personal information such as addresses, drawings, or planning details, is kept secure. For commercial clients, it means confidence that their consultant is independently verified as a strong link in their supply chain. When you work with Shepherd Gilmour, you can be assured that your data is as carefully protected as the structures we design. Cyber Essentials Plus represents more than a certification. It is our commitment to you. In an era where digital security is as important as physical safety, Shepherd Gilmour stands ready to protect your interests on every front. What's more, we do not intend to stop here, and continue to push the boundaries each day to ensure our IT systems are robust and resilient in the face of ever increasing digital threats. Keep up to date on how we do this by following us on LinkedIn and Instagram . Contact us today to discuss your next project, confident in the knowledge that your data and designs are secure with Shepherd Gilmour. For those interested in further reading, the National Cyber Security Centre is a highly valuable freely accessible resource with a wealth of information on how you can better protect either yourself, your loved ones or your business from the ever increasing threat of cyber attacks.

In commercial architecture, ambition often lives in the details. A cantilevered balcony that floats cleanly from a façade, a glass balustrade that disappears into the skyline, or a sleek steel canopy that defines an entrance. These elements catch the eye, and often define a building’s identity. But turning architectural metalwork from concept to reality is rarely straightforward. At Shepherd Gilmour, we frequently support clients who are navigating the complex relationship between visual design intent and structural viability. The London City Island development in East London, delivered by Ballymore and Dearneside Fabrications, is a powerful example of how early specialist engineering input makes the difference between visual ambition and practical delivery. Understanding Architectural Metalwork Architectural metalwork bridges the gap between structure and aesthetics. It refers to visible steel or aluminium components: balconies, stairs, balustrades, canopies, feature screens, that serve structural or access functions but must also meet stringent visual and performance standards. In high-profile commercial projects, these elements are rarely off-the-shelf. They are bespoke, exposed, and expected to integrate seamlessly with architectural language. Yet this is where challenges often emerge. Common Client Pain Points One of the most frequent issues we encounter is unclear design responsibility . Architects may specify the form and finish, while main structural engineers focus on the core frame. Who then is responsible for the connections, the fixings, or the structural integrity of the bolt-on balcony? Too often, it falls through the cracks until late in the programme when coordination becomes reactive and costly. Clients also face issues such as: Non-compliance with regulations , particularly in relation to fall protection, deflection limits, or fire performance in the case of Higher Risk Buildings (HRBs) as defined in The Building Safety Act 2022. Installation tolerances , where brackets or fixings clash with other packages or fail to align with slab edges or cast in connectors. Misunderstood load cases , including abseil access (see WAHSA TGN07 ) , wind uplift or poolside barriers requiring higher line loads. Over-engineering or under-engineering , due to lack of specialist input on efficient sizing and buildable detail. These problems are not only technical; they impact project budgets, installation programmes and sometimes, design quality itself. A Showcase in Precision: London City Island London City Island sits at the intersection of regeneration, placemaking and striking modern architecture. Rising above the River Lea with towers clad in bold reds and blues, the development is stitched together with high-quality architectural metalwork, hundreds of bolt-on balconies, glass balustrades, canopy features and more. As part of a wide ranging design & contracting team, our client, Dearneside Fabrications, delivered a comprehensive metalwork package across multiple phases of the project. Shepherd Gilmour’s role was to provide structural design and detailed calculations for each architectural element, ensuring symbiotic continuity with other third party solutions. What made this project stand out was its scale and repetition: several kilometres of balustrading & hundreds of balconies across numerous blocks, each needing structural validation yet designed for aesthetic restraint. We approached it methodically, with three core principles. 1. Modular Templated Structural Design Rather than treat each element in isolation, we developed modular architectural metalwork calculation templates adaptable to each building and balcony type. Standardised sections, repeated details, and consistent assumptions allowed efficient validation across the site, ensuring robustness without reinventing the wheel each time. We used Eurocode 3 and BS 6180 for balustrade load design, including wind, pedestrian and abseil scenarios. In high-risk zones such as swimming pool perimeters or public terraces, we specified enhanced line loads of 3kN/m, using finite element analysis to validate bracket deflection and anchor performance. 2. Seamless Coordination We worked closely with the Dearneside team and project stakeholders to embed our design in the construction sequence. That meant checking balcony bracket locations against concrete pour sequences, verifying thermal breaks were correctly specified, and ensuring tolerances could be absorbed without compromise. No redesigns were required late in the process because our collaboration occurred early and transparently. 3. Architectural Integration Just as important was respecting the architectural vision. Many of the fixings we designed were concealed behind cladding or recessed in slab build-ups. Our calculations allowed for slimmer plates, hidden fixings, and minimal visual intrusion, all without sacrificing safety. For example, on the penthouse terraces and poolside areas, frameless glass balustrades required both elegance and enhanced structural performance. We designed stainless steel base shoes with integrated reinforcement, ensuring loads were transferred to the structure invisibly. The Outcome Thanks to this joined-up process, all metalwork elements were integrated efficiently and approved without issue. Dearneside Fabrications delivered a full suite of staircases, balustrades, balconies, canopy structures and abseil points to stunning effect. Key benefits delivered included: Reduced design time through standardisation Full compliance with Eurocodes and British Standards Improved constructability with coordinated anchor details Clean detailing aligned to the architectural language Most importantly, the result supported Ballymore’s vision: expressive buildings, uninterrupted lines, and refined façades where the engineering remains invisible, but deeply embedded. Broader Lessons for Commercial Projects London City Island is not unique in its ambitions. Many commercial schemes, whether they are residential towers, civic buildings or office HQs, aspire to similar architectural language. Yet across the UK, we see repeated challenges when architectural metalwork is added late or treated as secondary. This project proves that early specialist input reduces risk, improves design quality, and protects programme integrity. The following lessons apply across commercial sectors: Engage metalwork structural engineers early , especially where a building is defined as a Higher Risk Building (HRB) in accordance with the Building Safety Act 2022. Define ownership clearly  for calculations, coordination, and compliance. Integrate fixing strategies into façade and slab detailing. Validate high-risk elements  such as balconies or pool surrounds against Part B and BS 6180. Balance aesthetics with structural clarity —sleek does not mean weak, but it does mean engineered precision. Partnering with Shepherd Gilmour As a design consultancy, Shepherd Gilmour brings both structural understanding and architectural empathy. We work with developers, architects, and fabricators to deliver structural solutions that are not just safe and compliant, but also elegant and efficient. Whether you are planning a high-rise with feature balconies, a heritage refurbishment requiring sensitive steelwork, or a commercial development with bespoke stairs and screens, our team can support you from concept through to final sign-off. London City Island stands as a clear reminder, engineering is not just about what you see. It is also about what you never have to worry about. Get in Touch If your next project includes balconies, balustrades, staircases, or bespoke architectural steelwork, get in touch. Our engineers can help you deliver them right, first time. Visit our Contact Page , or email us at enquiries@shepherdgilmour.co.uk  to discuss how we can support your scheme.

Planning a home extension, loft conversion, or structural renovation?  If your project involves a shared wall or is close to a neighbour’s property, the Party Wall etc. Act 1996  might apply — and ignoring it could lead to disputes, delays, or even legal action. At Shepherd Gilmour , we’ve supported hundreds of homeowners, builders, and developers across the North of England, from Manchester and Leeds to Derbyshire and Northumberland, in navigating the complexities of the Party Wall Act with clarity and confidence. This guide will demystify the Act, flag the most common issues people face, and explain how our team can help you avoid the pitfalls and keep your build on track. What Is the Party Wall Act? The Party Wall etc. Act 1996 is legislation that applies in England and Wales . It exists to prevent and resolve disputes between neighbours relating to building work that affects shared walls, boundary walls, or excavations near adjacent buildings . Whether you live in a semi-detached house in Manchester, a terraced property in Leeds, or a detached home bordering another dwelling in rural Northumberland, the Act may apply to your project. It provides a legal framework for: Carrying out work directly to a party wall or structure  shared with another property; Building on or near the boundary line  with a neighbour; Excavating  within a certain distance and depth of neighbouring foundations. Importantly, it requires you to notify your neighbours  in writing before starting such work, giving them the opportunity to consent or dissent. If they dissent (or do not reply), a formal dispute resolution process  is triggered, typically involving one or more Party Wall Surveyors . When Does the Party Wall Act Apply? The Act covers a surprising number of everyday residential and commercial projects. You’ll need to consider it if you are: Extending Your Home If your extension involves excavating within 3 or 6 metres  of your neighbour’s foundations (depending on depth), or building on the boundary line , then the Act applies. Converting Your Loft Cutting into a shared party wall to insert steel beams, raising the height of a party wall, or removing a chimney breast all fall within the scope of the Act. Making Internal Alterations Even seemingly modest structural changes, such as installing a beam that sits within a party wall or underpinning shared walls, can trigger the requirement to serve notice. Building or Modifying a Boundary Wall If you intend to build a new wall astride the boundary , or wholly on your land but adjacent to the boundary, notice may be required. You cannot build astride the boundary without your neighbour’s written consent. Commercial Projects For developers and commercial clients, particularly where new builds, deep excavations, or basements are involved, the Act applies just the same — and often on a larger, more complex scale involving multiple adjoining owners. Note:  Cosmetic work, such as re-plastering or chasing-in cables, usually does not require notice. However, if in doubt, seek advice — mistakes can be costly. Common Misunderstandings That Can Lead to Disputes Unfortunately, many homeowners and tradespeople misunderstand the Party Wall Act or are unaware of their obligations altogether. Here are the most frequent assumptions that get people into trouble: 1. “My neighbour said it’s fine, so I don’t need a formal notice.” Verbal agreement is not enough. The Act requires written notice and written consent . Without this, you have no legal protection and your neighbour could later object, delay works, or even seek an injunction. 2. “It’s all on my land, so it doesn’t apply.” Even if your work is entirely within your boundary, the Act still applies  if you’re digging close to a neighbour’s foundations or affecting a party wall. Many people wrongly assume internal work won’t require notice. 3. “If they don’t respond, I can start work.” Silence equals dissent. If your neighbour does not respond within 14 days , it is treated as a dispute. This means you must appoint a surveyor and cannot begin work until a Party Wall Award is agreed . 4. “The Act gives neighbours power to block my build.” The Act does not  give neighbours the right to prevent you from undertaking lawful work. It simply ensures they are informed and protected. If you follow the correct procedure, they cannot stop the project. 5. “I’ll deal with it later if needed.” This is a risky approach. If you begin works without serving notice, you expose yourself to potential court action, project delays, and neighbour disputes  — all of which are far more disruptive and expensive than dealing with it correctly from the outset. What Happens If You Ignore the Act? Non-compliance with the Party Wall Act can have serious consequences: Neighbours may seek an injunction , halting your works immediately — even mid-build. You may be liable for damages  if your work causes harm to their property and no notice or award was in place. Future property sales  can be affected. Surveyors acting for buyers will often flag unauthorised work under the Party Wall Act, leading to legal or financial issues during conveyancing. It is almost always quicker, safer, and more cost-effective  to follow the correct process. The Party Wall Process Explained Here is a simplified breakdown of the typical process: Determine if your project falls under the Act This should happen early in the design phase. If unsure, speak to a professional. Serve a formal notice You (or a professional acting on your behalf) must provide written notice to any affected neighbours. This should include a description of the proposed works and relevant dates, see our example below. Await a response Neighbours have 14 days to: Consent , in which case work may proceed (subject to a written agreement); Dissent , which triggers the surveyor process; Or fail to respond , which is treated as dissent. Appoint surveyor(s) If there is a dispute, each party appoints a surveyor. They may agree on a single, impartial surveyor instead. Agree a Party Wall Award The surveyor(s) will assess the proposed works, inspect neighbouring properties, and prepare a legally binding Party Wall Award  — including a schedule of condition, terms, and any precautions required. Commence works in line with the Award Once the Award is served, you may begin construction — but only in accordance with its terms. How Shepherd Gilmour Can Help At Shepherd Gilmour, we understand that the Party Wall Act can feel like just another hurdle. That’s why we offer a fully integrated service  to help clients comply quickly, efficiently, and with minimum stress. Drafting & Serving Notices We can prepare and issue Party Wall Notices  on your behalf, ensuring they are legally valid, clearly worded, and served to the correct parties. No templates, no guesswork — just peace of mind. Managing Correspondence & Follow-ups We track all statutory deadlines, send reminder letters, and liaise with neighbours or surveyors as needed. If a dispute arises, we’ll guide you through the surveyor appointment and Award process. Acting as Party Wall Surveyor Where appropriate, we can act as your appointed surveyor or the agreed surveyor for both parties. Our background in structural engineering ensures technical rigour as well as procedural compliance. For more complex, or nuanced Party Wall matters, it is worth appointing a dedicated expert in the field. This is where we would recommend one of a number of highly regarded specialist Party Wall Surveyors operating in the local area to assist. Turn-Key Design Packages Here’s where we stand apart: we can deliver structural calculations, architectural plans, 3D models, and building regulations packages  alongside your party wall requirements — offering a complete solution under one roof. This is especially valuable for: Domestic clients  seeking to simplify their project delivery; Small builders and trades  looking for support on behalf of their clients; Commercial developers  who want a trusted partner for design and compliance. Coverage We’re proud to support domestic clients across Leeds, Manchester and the wider areas of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Derbyshire, and Northumberland , while our commercial services are available UK-wide . Get Expert Help Today Don’t let the Party Wall Act derail your plans.  Whether you’re a homeowner planning a rear extension or a builder coordinating a loft conversion, getting expert advice early will save time, money, and stress. Contact Shepherd Gilmour today  to: Get a free consultation on whether your works require Party Wall notices; Obtain a fixed fee for serving notices or acting as surveyor; Access a fully coordinated design and compliance package. Let’s take the worry out of your project — and build with confidence. Useful Resources 1.The Party Wall etc Act 1996: explanatory booklet https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/preventing-and-resolving-disputes-in-relation-to-party-walls/the-party-wall-etc-act-1996-explanatory-booklet

Have you noticed cracks, a lean, or damp patches on your retaining wall? You’re not alone, and acting swiftly can save you time, money, and possibly avoid a full rebuild. A failing retaining wall can escalate from a cosmetic nuisance to a dangerous collapse with little warning.  Collapsed Retaining Wall - Typical Example The dramatic example above shows how an under-designed or poorly maintained wall can completely give way, threatening property above and injuring bystanders. In this guide, we’ll walk through common failure signs, why they happen, and practical stabilisation techniques that meet UK Building Regulations, all balanced against risk and cost considerations. By recognising the warning signs and taking action, you can safeguard your property and avoid disaster. Why Retaining Walls Fail Many garden and boundary retaining walls (especially older ones around homes in hilly areas like Yorkshire and Lancashire) were built without proper engineering. They might be too slim, lack adequate footings or drainage, or simply not be designed for the real pressure of the soil and water they hold back, leading to failure over time [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . Below are the key reasons retaining walls commonly fail: Lack of Structural Design Walls installed “by eye” without calculations often lack the necessary thickness, steel reinforcement, or embedment depth to resist soil forces. Over time, an inadequately designed wall will almost always start to bulge or crack under pressure, sometimes abruptly . If an engineer underestimates the load or the builder cuts corners on materials, the wall may eventually give way. Retaining Wall Failure - Lack of Structural Design Poor Drainage Water is a retaining wall’s worst enemy. Without proper drainage, rain and groundwater accumulate behind the wall, dramatically increasing lateral pressure. In fact, lack of drainage is often cited as  the most common cause  of retaining wall failures [ 3 ] . Trapped water (hydrostatic pressure) can double the force on the wall, causing it to bulge, crack, or even collapse. Clogged weep holes or no drainage system at all means water has nowhere to go, like an overfilled balloon pushing against the wall until it bursts. Retaining Wall Failure - No Drainage Inadequate Foundations A retaining wall is only as stable as its base. If the wall has no proper footing or insufficient embedment into the ground, it can settle or tip forward. Foundations should be sized to spread the load and prevent the wall from sliding or overturning. Many DIY or poorly built walls have shallow, narrow footings that simply can’t handle the weight above or the pressure behind, leading to rotation or sinkage at the base. Retaining Wall Failure - Inadequate Foundation & Design Increased Loads (Surcharge) Changes around the wall can add unexpected load. Parking a vehicle or building a shed right behind a wall, piling extra soil, or even heavy saturating rain can push a wall beyond its original limits. Soil itself is very heavy – roughly twice the weight of water – and when you add the weight of driveways, structures, or cars on top of the backfill, the lateral forces increase even further [ 4 ]. If a wall was not designed for these surcharges, it may start to lean or crack under the added pressure. Similarly, if soil properties change (e.g. becomes waterlogged), the effective pressure on the wall spikes. Retaining Wall Failure - Increased Surcharge Load Leading to Property Damage Building Regs Oversight In the UK, any wall retaining  more than 1 metre  of ground should involve proper design and approval, yet many DIY or “amateur” installations skip involving a structural engineer. This means they ignore critical safety standards. Local Authority Building Control (LABC) recommends that retaining walls over ~0.9 m high be engineer-designed (the NHBC even suggests over 0.6 m). Unfortunately, we often see walls over a metre tall built without calculations or Building Regulations sign-off. These walls might hold up for a while, but they lack the verified stability that UK regulations demand for higher retaining walls (as outlined in Approved Document A for structure). The result is a ticking time bomb, a wall that isn’t officially compliant and may fail under stress. Retaining Wall Failure - DIY Modifications Common Types of Retaining Walls Retaining walls come in many forms, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The table below gives a brief overview of common types, their advantages, limitations, and how they typically fail: Type Advantages Limitations Typical Failures Graphic Traditional Gravity Wall  (stone, masonry, block) Simple construction; uses its weight to hold soil; durable for low heights. Requires a wide base footprint; uses a lot of heavy materials. Bulging/outward tipping  if soil pressure exceeds the wall’s weight; base sliding if not enough mass. Cantilever Wall  (reinforced concrete) Slimmer profile with steel reinforcement; efficient for mid-height walls. Higher construction cost; must be professionally designed. Cracking or tilting  at mid-height or base if under-designed or if reinforcement is insufficient. Segmental/Modular Block  (often with geogrid) Modular blocks are easy and fast to install; good drainage through joints; can be reinforced with geogrid ties. Needs meticulous backfill compaction and geogrid layering for taller walls; limited height if unreinforced. Wall movement or separations  if poorly constructed – e.g. blocks start shifting or the wall bulges due to inadequate geogrid or poor backfill. Sheet Pile or Anchored Wall  (steel, concrete or timber piles) Suitable for deep excavations or tight spaces; can be installed where digging a wide base isn’t feasible; anchors/tie-backs can provide extra support. Complex installation (requires driving piles or drilling for anchors); usually more expensive and needs specialist design. Anchor failure or excessive deflection  – wall can bow inwards if anchors corrode or lose tension; or piles can rotate if soil strength is overestimated. Gabion/Crib Wall  (rock-filled wire baskets or interlocking crib frames) Natural, rustic look; permeable (excellent drainage); environmentally friendly (can use recycled rock fill); flexible (can tolerate some movement). Wire baskets can corrode over time; require regular maintenance; not suitable for very high walls without wide stepped design. Bulging and fill loss  – baskets may bow out or rupture as the wire rusts or if poorly filled; settlement can cause sections to slump. King Post (steel I‑beam + precast concrete or timber posts & sleeper infill) Slim, modular system ideal for tight or sloping sites. Adjustable on-site. Less visually appealing without cladding. Capacity is limited. Can be more expensive above ~3 m retained height Post rotation or lateral movement if embedment or panel packing is insufficient. Infill slippage, cracking or decay (timber rot or concrete fracture). (The above are just a few examples. Other systems include  criblock  timber walls, propritary systems such as Tobermore Secura and novel Mechanically Stabilised Earth (MSE)  solutions using geogrid-reinforced backfill such as Flex MSE etc. Each type must be chosen and designed according to the site conditions.) How to Spot Key Warning Signs If your retaining wall is starting to fail, it will usually give off  visible  warning signs. Don’t ignore these red flags – catching them early can be the difference between a simple repair and a total collapse. Here are specific signs of distress to watch for: Cracks or Gaps in the Wall:  Any cracking in the wall material is a cause for concern. Vertical or diagonal cracks that stair-step through bricks or blocks, or horizontal cracks along mortar lines, indicate the wall is moving. Hairline cracks may just be cosmetic, but larger cracks (several millimetres or more) are  alarm bells . In particular, a horizontal crack near the base of a wall is serious – it often means the wall is starting to shear or overturn. If you notice  wet  cracks or water seeping through, it’s a sign of pressure build-up behind the wall due to poor drainage. Gaps forming between the wall and the soil it’s supposed to retain (i.e. the soil is pulling away) are another indication that the wall is no longer holding the ground in place. Cracking Retaining Wall - Lateral Movement Leaning, Bulging or Tilting:  Stand to the side of your wall and see if it’s plumb (vertical). Any forward lean means the wall is losing its fight against soil pressure. A bulge in the middle of a masonry or block wall is a common failure mode as well – this indicates the wall is deforming outward. Even a slight lean or bulge (a few degrees or a few centimetres out of alignment) is a  critical warning . Retaining walls should essentially be straight; if yours is curving outward or tipping, the forces may be overwhelming it. Often, water build-up or weak soil will push a wall outward until it eventually gives way. A rule of thumb: if you can notice a lean with the naked eye (or by holding a level against it), it’s time to take action. Leaning Retaining Wall - Bubble Level Indicating Excessive Lean Angle Water Seepage or Damp Patches:  If you see water trickling out of the wall, persistent damp stains, or even spurts of water through cracks after rain, it means water is trapped behind the wall. Weep holes (small drainage holes in the wall) should be draining freely. If they’re dry (during wet weather) or blocked, hydrostatic pressure is likely building up. Efflorescence (white salt deposits on the wall face) is another sign of water seeping through the masonry. Excess moisture not only adds pressure, but can erode the wall material and soil, exacerbating other issues. Loose or Shifting Blocks/Stones:  Inspect the face of the wall – are any blocks or stones protruding or have slipped out of alignment? In timber walls, are boards bowing or nails/bolts popping out? Movement of individual wall elements means the structure is destabilising. For brick or stone walls, check the mortar joints – crumbling or missing mortar and widening gaps between units suggest the wall is coming apart. In dry-stacked stone walls, any rocks falling out or bulging from the wall are a bad sign. Leaning Retaining Wall & Partial Collapse Sinkholes or Erosion at the Base:  The ground in front of and behind the wall can also tell a story. If you notice sinkholes, depressions, or eroded gullies near the base of the wall, it could indicate soil is washing out from behind the wall (often through a crack or failed drainage outlet). A loss of backfill will remove support from the wall and hasten a collapse. Similarly, if the soil at the top of the wall is slumping or has pulled away from the back of the wall, the wall may be tilting outward. Any unusual changes in the terrain around the wall – like the retained slope above getting steeper due to soil movement – warrant a closer look. Take these warning signs seriously! Retaining wall failures can happen suddenly – what starts as a small crack in spring could turn into a bowed, leaning wall after one heavy winter of rain. If you spot any of the above issues, it’s wise to get a professional assessment sooner rather than later. Practical Steps to Stabilise or Replace a Retaining Wall If your retaining wall is showing signs of distress, there are several practical options to shore it up or, if needed, replace it. The right approach depends on the severity of the problem, the wall type, and your budget. Here are the steps to take, roughly in order: Assess the Situation & Seek Expertise:  Before any fix, you need to diagnose the  cause  of failure. Is it poor drainage causing pressure build-up? Is the wall too thin or lacking reinforcement? Has the foundation washed out? A qualified structural engineer – like our team at  Shepherd Gilmour , should examine the wall. We will look at factors like soil type, drainage conditions, the wall’s construction, and any changes in loading (e.g. new driveway or landscaping) to determine the root cause.  (Real-world example)   We were called to a home in  West Yorkshire  where a 1.5m garden retaining wall had developed a dangerous lean after heavy rain. Our survey found the wall had no drainage and minimal footing. We designed a retrofit solution to relieve the water pressure and stabilise the wall, avoiding a full rebuild for the client.  After an expert assessment, you’ll get a report of what’s wrong and a plan for a compliant fix. Remember, in the UK any substantial remedial work on a retaining wall over 1m should be done to meet Building Regulations, so professional guidance is key. Improve Drainage Behind the Wall:  Water management is often the simplest yet most effective fix. If your wall lacks drainage or the existing weepholes are clogged, upgrading drainage can immediately reduce pressure. Solutions include installing or clearing  weep holes  (small openings that let water through the wall). You might also add a  perforated drainage pipe  (often called a “French drain”) behind the base of the wall. This pipe, wrapped in gravel and filter fabric, collects water and redirects it away from behind the wall. Ensure any surface water (from gutters, driveways, etc.) is directed away from the top of the wall as well. Sometimes just extending a downpipe or regrading the slope can keep tons of water from ever reaching the wall. Good drainage is a low-cost measure that  must  accompany other fixes – otherwise, water will continue to undermine any repair. Masonry Retaining Wall with Graded Backfill, Drain & Weep Holes Reinforce or Brace the Wall:  For walls that are leaning or bulging but still salvageable, various reinforcement techniques can stabilise them: Tie-backs / Anchors:  These are steel rods or cables that are driven back into the stable soil behind the wall (sometimes 3-4 meters or more back). One end of the rod is attached to a plate or bracket on the front face of the wall, and the other end is anchored in the soil (either by a helical screw anchor or a concrete grout bulb). The rod is then tensioned to pull the wall toward the soil. This counteracts the outward pressure. Tie-back anchors can be very effective for concrete or masonry walls that have begun to tilt. A key advantage is halting further movement and restoring stability without having to dismantle the wall. A downside to this method is it requires specialist contractor input and can often be cost-prohibitive for small scale domestic works. Historic Retaining Wall Stabilised with Soil Nails Geogrid Reinforcement:  If you have a segmental block wall that’s shifting, one fix (short of rebuilding) is to excavate behind it and install  geogrid  layers. Geogrid is a high-strength polymer mesh that, when layered between the soil and connected to the wall, essentially turns the soil mass itself into part of the wall. It’s like extending the wall’s “footing” back into the slope. This method requires removing some of the backfill, adding geogrid at intervals, and recompacting. This can be disruptive but is cheaper than a new wall, especially if carrying out the labour yourself. Geogrid Reinforcement Layer Concrete Buttresses or Shotcrete Facing:  For a reinforced concrete wall that has cracked or started to deflect, one solution is adding strength to the wall itself. Buttresses are vertical concrete columns poured against the face or back of the wall to prop it up. Shotcrete (sprayed concrete) can be applied as a new continuous layer over the wall face, effectively creating a thicker wall. We might also embed steel reinforcement (rebar mesh) with the shotcrete to tie everything together. These approaches increase the wall’s capacity, though they will change its appearance (which might be fine for a hidden backyard wall, but maybe not for a front garden feature). Stone Retaining Wall Reinforced with Buttresses Strengthen the Foundation:  If the wall’s footing or base is the issue (e.g. it’s sinking or rotating), you need to address the ground support: Underpinning:  This involves excavating sections below the wall’s foundation (in a staged manner to avoid collapse) and pouring new concrete footings or installing jacks to transfer the load to deeper, stronger soil. Underpinning can effectively give a shallow wall a deeper toe in the ground. Mini Piles or Micropiles:  These are small-diameter structural piles that can be driven or drilled at the base of the wall to provide extra support. For example, inserting a row of inclined mini-piles along the front of a leaning wall can help push back and hold it in place. Alternatively, mini-piles can support a new concrete beam that the wall is then tied into. Soil Improvement:  Sometimes the soil itself is too weak or prone to erosion (say, very loose sand or soft clay). Techniques like  pressure grouting  can be used – injecting cement grout into the ground behind and under the wall to solidify the soil. Another option is using  geotextile fabric  under the footing or in the backfill to improve load distribution. Partial Demolition and Rebuild (Selective):  If one section of the wall has clearly failed (say, a 3-metre stretch has collapsed or bulged), you might not need to rebuild the entire wall. Often, we identify a failing segment and  carefully dismantle  that portion back to stable connections. The rebuild would involve proper foundations and reinforcement in that area, effectively “patching” the wall to a higher standard. Key is to tie the rebuilt section properly into the old portions (using steel dowels or keying into the existing wall) so that it acts as one continuous structure. This approach balances cost and benefit: you spend more than a quick fix, but less than starting from scratch. However, if multiple sections (more than about one-third of the wall) are compromised, a full replacement might be more economical in the long run. Throughout any stabilisation process, always keep safety in mind. If a wall is severely unstable, temporary bracing or even evacuating the area might be necessary during the work. For instance, we advised the use of temporary props and safety fences for a client in South Yorkshire where a tall retaining wall was at risk of imminent collapse, ensuring no one was hurt while a permanent solution was designed. Balancing Safety, Compliance & Cost When dealing with a failing retaining wall, you’ll need to make decisions that juggle safety, legal compliance, and budget. Here are some guidelines on how to balance these factors: Safety First  If the retaining wall is in danger of collapsing, especially if it supports a structure (like a patio, driveway, or building) or could fall onto a public area, treat it as an emergency . Don’t delay action. A collapsing wall can cause injury and significant property damage. Unfortunately, we have seen countless examples of this, such as a brewery taproom in Leeds which had to close for months when a retaining wall suddenly and unexpectedly gave way during a storm [5] , a retaining wall which collapsed onto a clients car, taking a another structure with it and collapsing the roof of a car-port. Collapsed Retaining Wall & Resulting Damage to Clients Property In another example, we were called to a inspect a collapsed retaining wall which supported the rear gardens of a row of terrace houses. Luckily nobody was present during the collapse, but it is easy to see how such catastropic and sudden collapses like this could lead to serious injury or worse if left without repair. Collapsed Retaining Wall & Safety Risk If you notice serious movement in a wall, cordon off the area and get professional help immediately. We sometimes implement  temporary shoring  (like bracing the wall with timbers or steel supports) to reduce the immediate risk while preparing a permanent fix. Never gamble with a wall that is showing advanced failure, the cost of a collapse (or injury lawsuit) will far outweigh the cost of a prompt repair. Regulatory Compliance (UK Building Regulations) For walls retaining  over 1 metre  of ground, UK Building Regulations will apply in most cases. That means any solution should be designed or checked by a chartered structural engineer and, if required, approved by your local authority. It’s not just red tape, it’s about ensuring the fix actually works and is safe. The law aside, following the standards is wise. LABC guidelines say walls over ~0.9m should have engineer design, because the higher the wall, the greater the danger if it fails. So even if your wall is just at that threshold, it’s worth doing things “by the book.” A good engineering firm (like Shepherd Gilmour) will handle the necessary calculations and provide drawings for council approval. We also make sure the design complies with relevant codes (British Standards or Eurocodes, and the principles in Approved Document A). Compliance ensures not only safety but protects you if you sell the property – an informally fixed retaining wall could raise flags in a survey. Finally, if a retaining wall is also near a boundary, or forms part of a boundary its self, as is often the case, then it is necessary to comply with The Party Wall Act 1996 , further details of which are provided at the bottom of this article. Cost Considerations – Repair vs. Rebuild Naturally, cost is a big factor. You want to fix the problem without breaking the bank. In many cases, reinforcing or repairing a wall is  far cheaper  than a full replacement. For context, we would estimate a full replacement of a retaining wall can typically cost 4-5 times as much as a repair. If the wall is mostly sound and only needs drainage, anchors, or a partial rebuild, it’s often wise to go that route. A reinforcement might extend the wall’s life by 10-20 years or more at perhaps a quarter of the cost of building a new wall . That said, there are times when replacement is more cost-effective. If  more than about 30-40%  of the wall length is failing, the patchwork approach could end up costing nearly as much as starting anew, and you’d still have an old wall with potential inherent defects. We advise clients with widespread issues that a new wall (with proper design) might be the better long-term investment. We always aim to offer a solution that balances safety with your budget, sometimes an upfront bigger spend saves you from repeatedly paying for short-term fixes. Risk Mitigation and Timing Consider a phased approach if budget is tight. Address the most critical sections first (for example, install drainage and braces now to reduce deterioration, then plan a rebuild of a section next summer). We often prioritise measures that reduce immediate risk, such as bracing a bulging wall or tarping a slope to keep water out, while design and funding for the final fix are arranged. Temporary drainage improvements (like quickly drilling a few weepholes or pumping out water behind the wall) can relieve pressure and buy time. Just remember, temporary fixes are not permanent – don’t “set it and forget it.” Check your insurance, some policies might cover preventative action if a collapse would damage insured structures, but they might not cover negligence if you  knew  the wall was failing and did nothing. From a risk perspective, acting sooner is almost always better. How Shepherd Gilmour Can Help At  Shepherd Gilmour , we offer end-to-end expertise for retaining wall problems, from first inspection to final sign-off. Here’s what we bring to the table for homeowners, builders, and landowners dealing with a troublesome retaining wall: Thorough Structural Surveys:  Our engineers will conduct a detailed site survey to diagnose  why  your retaining wall is failing. We check everything – wall dimensions, material condition, drainage function, soil stability, and any additional loads. Using our long-standing experience, we can often pinpoint issues that others miss. You’ll receive a clear report outlining the failure mode (e.g. “wall rotating due to shallow footing on clay soil”) and our recommendations. This precise diagnosis is the crucial first step to a lasting solution. Compliant, Cost-Effective Design:  We provide engineered solutions that fully meet UK standards and local Building Regulations. Our designs are stamped by chartered engineers, which means you can submit them for Building Regs approval with confidence. We always strive to balance safety with your budget, exploring repair options before replacement, and designing efficiently so you’re not paying for unnecessary over-engineering. Whether it’s designing remedial drainage, specifying the spacing and depth of new abutments, or designing a brand-new retaining wall, our team will tailor the plan to your specific site and needs. The goal is a solution that is robust  and  economical. Hands-On Project Management:  Retaining wall fixes often involve multiple steps (groundwork, drainage installation, possibly obtaining permits, then construction). We can manage the entire process for you. This includes arranging any needed soil investigations (for example, soil bearing tests if we’re designing new foundations), preparing drawings for planning or listed building consent if required, and liaising with council inspectors. During construction, we can oversee the work to ensure the contractor follows the design (important for safety-critical elements like reinforcement or anchor installation). Essentially, we save you the headache and stress of the process, coordinating from start to finish so that the project runs smoothly and the wall gets fixed right first time. Real Work Examples & References:  We know trust is important which is why we’re happy to share case studies of similar projects we’ve completed on request. For instance, some of our recent examples include: Stabilising the retaining wall of an existing period property by introducing stone faced buttresses & underpinning the foundations, as well as specifying remedial options for a 2m tall brick retaining wall which had begun to budge and crack, threatening the prospect of our clients proposed house extension. In both cases, we were able to preserve elements of the original stone and masonry façade for heritage aesthetics. Aiding a commercial client in the Calder Valley  stabilise an existing slope covered with trees subject to Tree Protection Orders (TPOs) in order to support a new development. Design of a gabion wall to provide long-term stability to a new spillway in South Yorkshire . These real-world examples demonstrate just the surface of our range of capability. Feel free to ask us for references or to visit past project sites where permitted or in the public realm, our work speaks for itself. Ongoing Support & Maintenance:  Our relationship doesn’t end when the immediate problem is solved. We’ll advise you on simple maintenance practices (like keeping those weep holes clear, or not planting water-heavy shrubs right behind the wall). We can schedule periodic inspections if desired – for example, an annual check-up on a wall that was reinforced, to ensure everything remains in order. And if you ever plan to alter the area (maybe terrace your garden or build near the wall), we can provide guidance so that your retaining structures continue to perform long-term. Think of us as your on-call structural consultants, always here to help with advice or rapid response if an issue arises. At the end of the day, our mission is to  safeguard your property and peace of mind . Retaining walls might not be glamorous, but they are critical to the integrity of your landscape and structures. We take pride in engineering solutions that stand the test of time, keeping you, your family, and your property safe. In Summary A failing retaining wall can go from a minor eyesore to a catastrophic collapse more quickly than many realise. The good news is that early intervention and proper engineering can rescue a wall in distress and prevent disaster. Keep an eye out for early  signs  – cracks, tilting, water leakage, or shifting soil and don’t ignore them. Understand that many walls fail due to basic issues like being too slender, lacking footings, or having no drainage. By applying practical  stabilisation techniques  (improved drainage, anchors/geogrid, better foundations, etc.) you can often extend the life of the wall and avoid the cost of a full rebuild. Aftermath of a Domestic Retaining Wall Collapse - Fencing & Temporary Propping Bottom line If your retaining wall is showing trouble or if you’re even  planning a new retaining wall , get experts involved sooner rather than later. It’s far cheaper and safer to fix problems when they’re small than after a collapse. At Shepherd Gilmour, we’re ready to help – from the rugged rural countryside of Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Lancashire and Northumbria to urban city centres of Manchester, Leeds & beyond. We’ll evaluate your wall, design a proper solution, and see the project through to completion, all with a focus on safety, quality, and your budget. Don’t wait for that small crack to become a landslide.  Contact us today  to schedule a professional assessment of your retaining wall. We’ll help you reinforce your wall, and your peace of mind, for years to come.   Get in touch with our team at Shepherd Gilmour  for expert retaining wall advice or a quote. We’re here to ensure your wall retains  your  trust. Stay safe!   Citations 1.Earth Retaining Structures | Shepherd Gilmour https://www.shepherdgilmour.co.uk/services/earth-retaining-structures 2. Retaining wall advice needed — MoneySavingExpert Forum https://forums.moneysavingexpert.com/discussion/6517743/retaining-wall-advice-needed 3. Worried About Retaining Wall Failure? - Pile Buck Magazine https://pilebuck.com/worried-retaining-wall-failure/ 4. Why Retaining Walls Collapse — Practical Engineering https://practical.engineering/blog/2021/12/5/why-retaining-walls-collapse 5. Springwell: Leeds brewery taproom remains shut four months on from collapse of retaining wall https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/business/consumer/springwell-leeds-brewery-taproom-remains-shut-four-months-on-from-collapse-of-retaining-wall-5063477 Useful Reading 1.Guidance on retaining wall responsibilities - Bradford Council https://www.bradford.gov.uk/transport-and-travel/highways/guidance-on-retaining-wall-responsibilities/ 2.Retaining Walls - Designing Buildings, the Construction Wiki https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Retaining_walls 3.Re taining Wall Basics - LABC* https://members.labc.co.uk/member-news/retaining-wall-basics 4.Party Wall Explanatory Booklet - UK Government https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/preventing-and-resolving-disputes-in-relation-to-party-walls/the-party-wall-etc-act-1996-explanatory-booklet  *Note members access may be required.

The Building Safety Act 2022 has introduced a new era of accountability, transparency, and risk management within the UK construction sector. It is a landmark piece of legislation that significantly changes how buildings, particularly higher-risk ones, are designed, constructed, and maintained. In this guide, we outline what the Act means for those involved in construction and building management, explain the benefits of compliance, and demonstrate how Shepherd Gilmour is helping clients meet their obligations and deliver safer, more robust projects. Further reading is appended to the end of the article for those interested in learning more. What Is the Building Safety Act and Who Does It Affect? The Act was introduced in response to systemic failures identified in the wake of the Grenfell Tower tragedy. Its purpose is to improve building safety across the entire lifecycle, from early design to long-term management. It applies most directly to buildings classified as Higher-Risk Buildings (HRBs); those at least 18 metres or 7 storeys in height and containing at least two residential units. However, the cultural shift it demands extends across the built environment and there are even implications to those involved in small scale domestic projects, such as builders and professional consultants. This guide shall predominantly focus on the high-level changes to commercial projects and HRB’s, but for those involved in small scale domestic projects, we have written another article Domestic Building Projects & The Building Regulations , which goes into greater detail regarding the specific roles, responsibilities and legal duties, clients, builders, engineers and architects must uphold. Key features of the Act include: A new Building Safety Regulator with enforcement powers. The requirement for a clearly defined ‘golden thread’ of building information, accessible and accurate throughout a building's life. Dutyholder roles during design, construction and occupation, ensuring clear accountability. The need for a Building Safety Case for occupied HRBs, demonstrating ongoing safety measures. New competency requirements for those working on buildings. Whether you're a developer, designer, contractor, or building owner, the implications are broad and long-lasting. Why Compliance Matters: Key Benefits for Clients Meeting the requirements of the Act is not just about legal compliance, it also provides tangible benefits for clients and stakeholders: Greater clarity and accountability at every project stage reduces risk and confusion. Improved design and construction quality, minimising defects and rework. Better access to accurate building data, supporting future maintenance, upgrades and resale. Reduced liability exposure and enhanced insurability. Increased asset value due to transparency and regulatory assurance. By embedding safety and information integrity from the outset, clients can expect smoother projects and more robust long-term outcomes. How Shepherd Gilmour Can Help You Stay Compliant At Shepherd Gilmour, we have embraced the changes brought by the Building Safety Act as an opportunity to raise the bar further in our design and project support services. Here’s how we are helping clients stay compliant and confident: We embed the golden thread early, ensuring critical design and safety information is documented clearly and consistently. Our engineers are familiar with the dutyholder roles under the Act and CDM 2015, enabling us to advise on responsibilities and interfaces at each project stage. We have strengthened our QA systems to align with new competency and traceability requirements. Where relevant, we help clients prepare or contribute to Safety Case documentation and ensure design information is fit for submission to the Building Safety Regulator. We maintain up-to-date knowledge of related standards, such as BS 8670 and PAS 9980, so our advice remains current, accurate, and risk-aware. Whether we are acting as Lead Designer, specialist structural consultant, or coordinating with principal designers and contractors, we provide clients with technical assurance and proactive compliance support. Navigating Design Gateways and Compliance Requirements to Meet Your Obligations Successfully navigating the Building Safety Act requires early coordination, clear documentation, and structured decision-making throughout a building’s lifecycle. A key element introduced by the legislation is the three statutory Gateways , which function as formal checkpoints for higher-risk buildings and place new responsibilities on clients, designers, and contractors. These Gateways are as follows: Gateway One – Planning : This occurs at the planning application stage and requires a Fire Statement to demonstrate how fire safety is considered in the early design. This ensures that life safety is embedded from the outset, not retrofitted later. Gateway Two – Pre-construction : Before construction can begin, full plans must be submitted to the Building Safety Regulator for approval. All dutyholders must prove that the design complies with building regulations and that competent professionals are in place to carry out the work. Gateway Three – Pre-occupation : Before the building can be occupied, the Regulator must be satisfied that the works have been completed in accordance with approved plans and that the ‘golden thread’ of safety information has been maintained and submitted. To ensure compliance and avoid costly delays, we advise clients to: Understand their role, particularly if acting as Client, Principal Designer, or Accountable Person under the Act. Engage competent consultants who are familiar with the Gateways process and golden thread principles. Establish a clear compliance strategy early, so that safety-critical decisions and documentation are in place at the right stages. Coordinate across disciplines to avoid information gaps that may compromise Gateway approval or the final safety case. Maintain robust design records from planning through to handover, as required for regulator scrutiny and long-term asset management. At Shepherd Gilmour, we support clients through each of the Gateways by embedding compliance into our design approach, coordinating key deliverables, and helping to prepare documentation for submission. Our technical understanding of the Act, combined with our methodical and collaborative way of working, ensures that our clients meet their obligations with confidence, without compromising on design integrity or delivery certainty. How to Get Support The Building Safety Act marks a shift in how we think about responsibility, safety, and long-term stewardship in construction. It is not just a compliance obligation, it is an opportunity to build better. At Shepherd Gilmour, we welcome this change. It reinforces our commitment to clarity, diligence, and design integrity. Whether you are starting a new scheme or need help aligning an ongoing project with current regulations, we are ready to support you. Need help navigating the Building Safety Act? Contact us on: 📧info@shepherdgilmour.co.uk 📞 0113 245 0555 Let’s work together to build safer, smarter, and with confidence. Suggested further reading & useful material: Essential Guide to the Building Safety Act (Important Information for Contractors) The Building Safety Act 2022 Government Legislation https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/The_Building_(Approved_Inspectors_etc._and_Review_of_Decisions)_(England)_Regulations_2023

Loft conversions have become one of the most popular and cost-effective ways to extend a property in the UK. Whether you're a homeowner seeking to unlock the potential of your unused attic, or an architect or contractor looking to refine your understanding of best practices, this guide outlines the key considerations, common challenges, and indicative costs associated with converting a loft space. Why Convert a Loft? From adding a new bedroom or home office, to creating a dedicated studio space or en-suite master suite, loft conversions offer flexibility without consuming external garden space. In many cases, they can also significantly increase a property's value, making them a sensible investment. However, the process requires careful planning and professional input to ensure the conversion is feasible, compliant, and structurally sound. Types of Loft Conversions The type of loft conversion suitable for a property largely depends on the existing roof structure, planning constraints, and desired floor area. Below is a summary of the most common types, including brief context for homeowners unfamiliar with the terminology. 1. Roof Light Conversion (Velux Conversion) This is the simplest and most affordable type of conversion. It involves installing roof windows (e.g. Velux) into the existing slope of the roof, along with insulation and a new floor structure to make the space habitable. There is no change to the roofline, so this option is ideal if you already have sufficient headroom in the attic and want to create a basic room—such as a home office or occasional guest bedroom—without major construction work. 2. Dormer Conversion A dormer involves extending part of the roof vertically to form a box-like projection, typically at the rear of the house. This provides additional floor space and usable headroom, often enough to accommodate a full-size bedroom and en-suite. It's one of the most popular choices for homeowners because it strikes a good balance between cost and additional space gained. Rear dormers usually fall under Permitted Development, while front or side-facing dormers may require planning permission. 3. Hip-to-Gable Conversion Many semi-detached and detached homes have a sloping (hipped) roof on one or both sides, which can restrict the usable loft area. A hip-to-gable conversion extends the sloped end into a vertical wall (gable), effectively squaring off the roof and increasing the internal space. It’s typically combined with a rear dormer to maximise the loft’s potential, often creating enough space for a double bedroom and en-suite bathroom. 4. Mansard Conversion This is the most extensive and transformative type of conversion, where the roof structure is entirely remodelled to create a flat roof with steeply sloped sides (typically at the rear). The result is a substantial amount of usable floor area, similar to adding a full additional storey. Mansard conversions are common in urban areas, especially on terraced houses, and can deliver impressive space. However, they almost always require planning permission and involve a longer construction period and higher cost. Structural Considerations 1. Load Bearing Capacity The existing structure must be assessed to ensure it can safely support the additional loads introduced by the conversion. This includes floor joists, new walls, and the roof structure. In many cases, new steel beams will be required to redistribute loads and create clear headroom. The use of experienced structural engineers is crucial at this stage to produce accurate calculations and avoid over-specification, which can drive up costs unnecessarily. 2. Floor Construction Typical attic joists are not designed for habitable loads. A new floor structure must be designed to comply with Part A (Structure) of the Building Regulations. This often means introducing deeper joists or steel supports. 3. Headroom and Stairs A minimum head height of 2.0m is generally recommended over the stair and circulation areas. Clever stair design is vital, particularly in tighter properties, to comply with Building Regulations while maintaining practicality. 4. Fire Safety Loft conversions must comply with Part B (Fire Safety) of the Building Regulations, including: Fire doors or alternative escape routes. Mains-powered smoke alarms on all floors. Upgraded fire-resistant construction where necessary. Planning and Regulatory Requirements Permitted Development Rights  allow many loft conversions to proceed without full planning permission, provided they fall within specified limits (e.g. a maximum of 40m² for terraced houses and 50m² for semi- or detached). Planning Permission  will be required for: Mansard conversions. Dormers facing the highway. Properties in conservation areas or flats. Regardless of whether planning is required, Building Regulations approval is always necessary. This is typically obtained via a Building Notice or Full Plans application to your local authority or an Approved Inspector. Typical Costs Costs vary depending on the type, complexity, location, and specification of the conversion. Indicative figures (as of mid-2025) are: Conversion Type Typical Cost (incl. VAT) Roof Light Conversion £25,000 – £35,000 Dormer Conversion £35,000 – £55,000 Hip-to-Gable Conversion £45,000 – £65,000 Mansard Conversion £55,000 – £85,000+ Additional costs may arise from: Structural steelwork Party wall agreements Specialist finishes or bespoke joinery Planning and building control fees Professional services (architect, structural engineer, project manager) The Role of Professional Advisors While it may be tempting to proceed with a design-and-build contractor alone, engaging experienced professionals can provide significant value: Architects  can help visualise and maximise space usage, navigate planning, and integrate the new layout with the rest of the home, particularly if the loft conversion forms only part of more extensive renovation or extension works. Here at Shepherd Gilmour, we are able to offer visual design services and planning drawings in house. Structural Engineers , such as our team at Shepherd Gilmour, ensure the structural alterations are safe, efficient, and compliant. Party Wall Surveyors  may be required where works affect a shared boundary. In many cases our team at Shepherd Gilmour are able to assist with party wall matters in house, keeping the process simple and costs controlled, with fewer involved parties. For complex party wall agreements, we refer our clients' to our preferred specialist surveyors to ensure a successful, cost effective outcome. Choosing the right team from the outset can prevent costly design changes later and help avoid construction delays due to inadequate information or missed compliance issues. Common Pitfalls to Avoid Underestimating costs or leaving insufficient contingency. Assuming Permitted Development Rights apply without confirmation. Neglecting structural implications, especially where chimneys, tanks or purlins are present. Poor communication between designers and contractors, leading to errors or delays on site. A well-planned loft conversion, however, is highly achievable with the right guidance and coordination. In Summary Loft conversions offer an excellent opportunity to enhance your home, provided they are approached with due diligence. From assessing feasibility and obtaining the necessary approvals, to designing for performance and delivering high-quality construction, every stage benefits from expert input. At Shepherd Gilmour, we regularly support loft conversions by providing clear structural assessments, tailored calculations, and practical design advice—whether you're a homeowner, architect, or contractor. Our aim is to make the process smoother, safer, and ultimately more successful. If you're considering a loft conversion, or working on one that requires structural input, feel free to get in touch with our team. We’re always happy to provide guidance, even at the early feasibility stage.

Delivering precision detailing for a landmark riverside regeneration Just a short walk from our head office in Leeds, the ambitious Whitehall Riverside development is taking shape as one of the city’s most significant urban regeneration schemes. With a project value of approximately £280 million, the development is transforming a key riverside site into a vibrant new quarter, blending modern living, commercial excellence and exceptional public realm. The masterplan comprises over 500 Build-to-Rent apartments across two towers (rising to 15 and 18 storeys), alongside 253,000 sq ft of Grade A office space, a 108-bed hotel, and a multi-storey car park with 478 spaces. Sustainability is a cornerstone of the development’s ethos, with targets of BREEAM “Excellent” and HQM Level 4 set for the residential and commercial elements. Public spaces are being enhanced with riverside landscaping, semi-mature tree planting, and thoughtfully designed routes for walking and cycling. Our Role Shepherd Gilmour was appointed by Dearneside Fabrications to provide structural design services for a number of specialist items, most notably the external aluminium balustrades and the building’s dramatic lobby feature stair. While modest in scale compared to some of our larger structural packages, the work demanded a high degree of engineering finesse and close collaboration with fabricators and architects to ensure that design intent, buildability and regulatory compliance were all achieved without compromise. Lightweight Aluminium Balustrades Installed along the external terraces of several buildings, the aluminium balustrades are a key feature of the development’s modern façade. Their role is not only to provide safety, but to visually tie together the terraces and outdoor spaces with crisp, minimal detailing. Our scope included: Design to Aluminium Eurocode (BS EN 1999)  – with meticulous checking of all extruded and rolled elements, down to individual fixings. Balustrade compliance with UK Building Regulations & BS 6180:2011. Fixing design  for both top-mounted and slab edge conditions, adapting solutions to the variable structural interfaces across the buildings. Stiffness modelling  using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in highly loaded and constrained areas, enabling us to refine local connections for both strength and serviceability performance. A particularly challenging area involved offsetting the balustrade from the slab edge. This required a custom-stiffened bracket to control rotation and ensure deflection limits were met. Our engineers used detailed FEA to understand the stiffness contributions of these brackets and their influence on the global behaviour of the balustrade system. Feature Stair: A Lobby Centrepiece Within the main commercial entrance, we engineered a lightweight steel feature stair, designed as a showpiece structure that draws the eye upon entering the building. Our design focused on: Minimising visual weight , using a sleek steel frame to support open treads without the need for bulky supports. Integrated coordination  with finishes, soffits and lighting to ensure the stair sat seamlessly within the architectural vision. Tight fabrication tolerances , achieved through early coordination with the fabricator to balance form, function and buildability. The stair embodies the modern aesthetic of the wider development, offering a refined, visually open structure that complements the architectural language of the lobby space. Whitehall Riverside: Our Reflection Whitehall Riverside has been a rewarding project for our team—not only for the technical challenges it posed, but also for its proximity to our Leeds headquarters. It’s always a privilege to contribute to the skyline and public realm of our home city. This project is a testament to the value of precise structural detailing in enhancing both the visual and functional quality of a development. Whether delivering finely tuned façade elements or elegant internal features, our team continues to demonstrate the importance of responsive, regulation-compliant engineering at every scale. 📸 Photography of the balustrade & stair installations are ongoing and more will be added as construction progresses. 👉 Read the full case study here : Whitehall Riverside

A Detailed Guide for Homeowners, Builders and Consultants The Building Safety Act 2022  (BSA) and subsequent updates to the Building Regulations 2010  have significantly altered the legal landscape for all building work in England, including domestic projects . Whether you're a homeowner  planning a modest extension, a builder  undertaking refurbishment work, or a designer  providing architectural or structural input, you now have clearly defined legal duties under this updated regulatory framework. This guide offers a detailed explanation of those duties, with particular attention to how responsibilities are assigned on domestic work  when no formal appointments are made. For commercial work and information relating to Higher Risk Buildings (HRBs), see our article Navigating the Building Safety Act: A Guide to Compliance with Shepherd Gilmour. Why Domestic Projects Are Affected by Building Regulations While the BSA is often associated with HRBs, the regulatory changes introduced to the Building Regulations 2010 (as amended)  apply new dutyholder roles , competency requirements , and compliance obligations  across all construction work , including minor domestic schemes. This means : All projects — whether a loft conversion, kitchen extension or internal structural alteration — are now subject to enhanced safety, competence and documentation standards. Who Is Responsible for What? 1. Homeowners (Domestic Clients) Under Regulation 11C  of the Building Regulations (as amended), the homeowner commissioning the works is the legal Client . Clients are responsible for ensuring that the project complies with the Building Regulations. However, recognising that most homeowners are not construction professionals, Regulation 11C(2)  states that, unless a domestic client makes a formal appointment , their duties are automatically discharged  as follows: To the Principal Designer  for design-phase duties To the Principal Contractor  for construction-phase duties Summary for Homeowners: You remain the legal Client , but others take on responsibility by default This default discharge applies only  if no written appointments are made It is essential to document who is taking on what role — or confirm who has declined 2. Designers and Engineers Any party creating or modifying drawings, specifications or calculations is a Designer . According to Regulation 11C(2)(a) , The Principal Designer (PD)  is the designer in control of the design phase of the project. In other words, the party responsible for planning, managing and monitoring the design phase of the work. For domestic projects: If the first appointment made is a Designer (e.g. architect or engineer), and no one is formally appointed as PD, that Designer automatically assumes  PD duties They must formally decline in writing  if they do not wish to act in this role Principal Designers are legally required to: Ensure designs comply with the functional requirements of the Building Regulations Coordinate with other designers and the contractor Manage foreseeable risks related to the design This default mechanism ensures that someone always takes responsibility for safety and compliance during the design phase, even if the homeowner does nothing to initiate it. 3. Builders and Contractors According to Regulation 11C(2)(b) , The Principal Contractor (PC)  is the contractor in control of the construction phase of the project is the principal contractor.  Simply put, they are responsible for managing the construction phase and ensuring the works comply with the Building Regulations. For domestic works: If no PC is formally appointed, the first Contractor engaged automatically assumes  this duty, provided they are competent  to do so Principal Contractors must: Plan and manage the site and sequencing of works Coordinate with the Principal Designer Ensure works are carried out safely and in compliance with the Building Regulations Important clarification: A Contractor cannot act as Principal Designer  unless they are also undertaking design work (per the definition of “Designer” in Regulation 2 ) This means a general builder who does not prepare or modify designs cannot legally discharge PD duties Competency Requirements for All Parties All dutyholders must be competent  — either as individuals or organisations. Defined under Regulation 11B , this requires appropriate skills, knowledge, experience (SKE) , and where relevant, organisational capability . Local Authority Building Control or Approved Inspectors may require evidence of competence at any point. If inadequate, they may delay or refuse approval, issue enforcement notices, or escalate matters under the Building Act 1984. Documentation and Evidence While not all domestic projects require elaborate documentation, record keeping is now expected practice , even on smaller works. Each party should keep copies of: Design documents and specifications Appointment letters (or written declinations) Notes evidencing coordination between designers and contractors Risk management information relevant to compliance Completion documents for Building Control sign-off Although the “Golden Thread” is mandatory only for HRBs, its principles — transparency, traceability, and accountability — are now encouraged across the board. Gateway Influence on Domestic Projects Although formal Gateways  under the BSA apply only to HRBs, the design scrutiny  and pre-construction documentation expectations  are increasing even for small works. Expect Building Control bodies to request: Fully coordinated drawings and specifications Early justification of compliance (especially structural, fire, thermal and access requirements) Clear identification of who is acting as PD and PC Projects with vague, fragmented or late-stage information are more likely to suffer delays or incur compliance queries. Sanctions and Enforcement Failing to comply with the above responsibilities may result in: Refused or delayed Building Control sign-off Enforcement Notices  under Section 36 of the Building Act 1984 Criminal liability  for serious breaches Professional negligence claims  if designers or contractors fail in their legal duties How Shepherd Gilmour Can Help At Shepherd Gilmour , we routinely support clients, designers, and builders in navigating the Building Regulations for domestic projects. We can assist by: Providing formal appointment or declination letters for PD/PC roles Delivering full structural design packages and calculations for Building Control Conducting coordination reviews across design and construction Supporting dutyholders with compliance documentation and risk reviews By formalising roles and offering expert guidance, we reduce your risk and ensure your project proceeds smoothly and compliantly. Summary: Key Takeaways Homeowners  are always legally the client — but their duties are automatically discharged  to the first appointed Designer and/or Contractor unless appointments are made or declined in writing Designers  become Principal Designer by default  unless they formally opt out Contractors  become Principal Contractor by default , but only if competent Principal Contractors & Designers should ensure their Insurance is valid Contractors cannot be Principal Designers  unless they carry out design Competency, documentation, and coordination are non-negotiable  in the current regime Need advice on dutyholder responsibilities or compliance?  Contact us via: 🌐 Website 📧 info@shepherdgilmour.co.uk 📞 0113 245 0555 We’re here to ensure your domestic project is both safe and regulation-ready. Suggested Further Reading & Useful Material The Building Regulations 2010 (Latest Available) Manual to The Building Regulations

“You get what you pay for” is a familiar phrase in construction, yet the industry continues to chase short-term savings at the expense of long-term value. This article explores how design-led value engineering (VE) can safeguard a project’s integrity if done correctly, and why involving your structural engineer throughout is key to true efficiency. 1. Value Engineering: A Tool, Not a Shortcut In its purest form, value engineering is about maximising performance while reducing waste. Done well, it delivers better outcomes with fewer resources. Done poorly, it erodes the core purpose of engineering design; safe, durable, efficient structures. Too often, VE is mistaken for simple cost-cutting. Post-tender exercises may involve the contractor, quantity surveyor, and architect reviewing a structural solution with the goal of reducing upfront spend, but without proper engineering input, this becomes a risk rather than a refinement. 2. The Pitfalls of Post-Design ‘Savings’ When cost-driven decisions are made late in the process, they tend to be reactive. Examples we frequently encounter: Slab thickness reduced without rechecking vibration or deflection performance. Structural frames reprofiled or simplified to save steel tonnage, at the expense of lateral stability or column positioning. Connection detail complexity ignored, often leading to fabrication delays, un-necessary spiralling costs and coordination issues with façade elements or MEP services. These changes often ignore the broader impact on buildability, safety, or compliance—and result in rework, delay, or compromised performance. 3. The Real Cost of Fixing the Wrong Problem When design alterations are made without holistic reassessment, they often trigger a domino effect of unintended consequences such as: Coordination issues in clash-detection models, Structural members requiring redesign to meet stiffness or load path criteria. Increased site queries, RFIs, and programme drift due to late redesign or incomplete drawings. These knock-on effects result in real financial costs: fees for rework, delays in procurement, or even contractual disputes. Ironically, these costs are almost always greater than the initial “saving”. Below are some practical examples based on real project experiences. 3.1 Substituting Cellular Beams Without Coordination In one commercial project, cellular beams were removed from the design in favour of standard UB sections to reduce procurement costs. However, the decision was made after the mechanical and electrical layout had been finalised and key decisions made. Without openings for service integration, the M&E team had to reroute key ducts and pipework, which required increasing the ceiling void depth. This encroached into the usable office space below. Bespoke notch details were then required to be designed by the SE to alleviate some of the problems caused, adding further cost and complexity to the project. The initial cost savings were quickly outweighed by the cost of M&E redesign, addiotnal SE works, reduced headroom, and the loss of functional space. 3.2 Approving Architectural Designs Without Structural Input A distinctive façade scheme was approved and sent to fabrication before the structural engineer had been engaged to review its viability. Once appointed, the engineer found the geometry inefficient and the anchorage details difficult to rationalise. The result was excessive steel support requirements and significant material wastage. Worse still, a more buildable solution, visually similar, could have been achieved with lower embodied carbon and simpler installation, had the structural team been consulted earlier. 3.3 Restricting the Engineer's Scope Too Severely In another case, the building structural engineer’s appointment excluded detailed connection design responsibilities, with only envelope forces provided. The intention was to reduce design time and shift responsibility to the fabricator. However, without well defined design forces, tie requirements, or combination scenarios, Shepherd Gilmour, working on behalf of the steelwork fabricator, had little choice but to design each connection for the envelope forced provided. This resulted in oversized connections, increased fabrication cost, and delays in approval due to unforeseen clashes with architectural or MEP elements. Every effort was made to request greater communication from the building designer to mitigate this, but it was met with refusal due to the ill thought out value engineering exercise early on in their appointment. Had the structural designer been permitted to define those parameters from the outset, the connections could have been optimised in both size and cost, saving time, materials, and coordination effort. At Shepherd Gilmour, we strongly advocate for appropriate appointment to ensure a well coordinated design is achieved which results in client & user satisfaction. These examples illustrate a recurring theme: that early-stage decisions made in isolation, or based on cost alone, often generate complexity downstream. By ensuring structural input remains embedded through key stages, these problems can be avoided, and better overall value can be achieved. 4. Shepherd Gilmour’s Approach: Holistic, Design-Led VE At Shepherd Gilmour, we believe value is best engineered when the full design team, including structural engineers, are part of the conversation from day one. Our approach is: Performance-first: we consider deflection, vibration, long-term durability and buildability as essential to any cost discussion. Digitally enabled: using Revit and IFC models, we can test alternatives and visualise coordination issues before they hit site. Process driven: our ISO 9001-certified QA process ensures design continuity across VE stages, avoiding fragmented decisions. We’re not here to over-engineer. We’re here to engineer intelligently and to add tangible project value. 5. Smarter VE: What Clients Can Do To get the most from value engineering while maintaining quality, we recommend: Hold VE workshops early, with all key designers involved. Challenge assumptions collaboratively, using data, and not just price lists as your guide. Avoid ‘VE by spreadsheet’; cost alone is not the measure of success. Clients who view their engineers as strategic partners, rather than service providers, consistently see better outcomes in quality, cost and delivery. 6. Conclusion: Design Smart, Not Cheap Cutting cost does not always mean cutting corners, but it requires careful judgement and true collaboration. At Shepherd Gilmour, we’re genuinely committed to helping clients achieve lean, buildable designs without compromising on integrity or performance. If you're planning a development and want to ensure your design evolves efficiently and safely, we’d welcome the opportunity to contribute to a value-focused, not cost-dominated conversation. 📩 Contact us at info@shepherdgilmour.co.uk or reach out to discuss your next project.

We’re proud to share our involvement in a landmark project that marks a key milestone in the UK’s shift toward sustainable transport: the transformation of BP’s Cromwell Road site in West London into its first dedicated EV charging and convenience hub. BP Pulse Charger Working alongside Principal Contractor NG Bailey, Shepherd Gilmour were appointed as lead Civil and Structural Designers, contributing comprehensive engineering services to bring this ambitious scheme to life. BP Pulse - Cromwell Road Construction Timelapse (Courtesy of NG Bailey) Our scope included: Full Stage 2 Site Investigation services Detailed forecourt and pavement build-up design Drainage strategy development, in liaison with Thames Water Swept path analysis for vehicle access and safety All structural alterations to the main kiosk building Foundation design for new infrastructure All deliverables were issued in accordance with the project’s BIM requirements aligned with ISO 19650, comprising professional calculations, reports and CAD drawings. The new facility, now fully operational, includes: Five ultra-fast BP Pulse 300kW chargers (each capable of charging two vehicles simultaneously) Protective canopies above chargers A newly refurbished M&S Food and Wild Bean Café A reconfigured and future-ready forecourt layout This project is not only a step forward for BP’s EV infrastructure roll-out, but also a leading example of how thoughtful design, collaboration, and engineering precision can turn existing urban assets into sustainable, high-performance spaces. 📰 Read the full case study here : BP Cromwell Road – EV Hub